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Nicolas Jack Roeg ( ; 15 August 1928 – 23 November 2018) was an English film director and , best known for directing Performance (1970), Walkabout (1971), Don't Look Now (1973), The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976), (1980) and The Witches (1990).

Making his directorial debut 23 years after his entry into the film business, Roeg quickly became known for an idiosyncratic visual and narrative style, characterised by the use of disjointed and disorienting editing. For this reason, he is considered a highly influential filmmaker, cited as an inspiration by such directors as Steven Soderbergh, Christopher Nolan and .

In 1999, the British Film Institute acknowledged Roeg's importance in the British film industry by naming Don't Look Now and Performance the 8th- and 48th-greatest British films of all time in its Top 100 British films poll.


Early life
Roeg was born in St John's Wood in on 15 August 1928 to Jack Nicolas Roeg and Mabel Gertrude (née Silk). He had an older sister, Nicolette (1925–1987), who was an actress. His father, of Dutch origin, achieved considerable success in the diamond trade, until a failed South African investment saw him suffer heavy financial losses. Of his initial attraction to the film industry, Roeg suggested it was sparked by a recording studio located opposite his home. Roeg was educated at the Mercers' School in London.


Career

Cinematography
In 1947, after completing in the as a unit projectionist, Roeg entered the film business as a tea boy, moving up to clapper-loader, the bottom rung of the camera department, at Marylebone Studios in London. For a time, he worked as a camera operator on a number of film productions, including The Sundowners and The Trials of Oscar Wilde.

Roeg was a second-unit cinematographer on 's Lawrence of Arabia (1962) and this led to Lean's hiring Roeg as cinematographer on his next film, Doctor Zhivago (1965); Roeg's creative vision clashed with that of Lean and eventually he was fired from the production and replaced by , who received sole credit for cinematography when the film was released in 1965. He was credited as cinematographer on 's The Masque of the Red Death and François Truffaut's Fahrenheit 451, as well as 's Far from the Madding Crowd and 's ; the latter is the last film on which Roeg was solely credited for cinematography and also shares many characteristics and similarities with Roeg's work as a director.


Directing
In the late 1960s, Roeg moved into directing with Performance, alongside . The film centres on an aspiring London gangster () who moves in with a reclusive rock star () to evade his bosses. The film featured cinematography by Roeg and a screenplay by Cammell, the latter of whom had favoured for the James Fox role. The film was completed in 1968 but withheld from release by its distributor Warner Bros. who, according to Sanford Lieberson, "didn't think it was releasable." The film was eventually released with an in 1970 and, despite its initial poor reception, has come to be held in high esteem by critics due to its cult following.

Roeg followed up with Walkabout, which tells the story of an English teenage girl and her younger brother who are abandoned in the Australian by their father after his suicide and forced to fend for themselves, with the help of an Aboriginal boy on his . Roeg cast in the role of the girl, his son as the boy, and as the Aboriginal boy. It was widely praised by critics despite its lack of commercial success.

Roeg's next film, Don't Look Now, is based on Daphne du Maurier's short story of the same name and starred and Donald Sutherland as a married couple in mourning the death of their daughter who had drowned. It attracted scrutiny early on due to a sex scene between Sutherland and Christie, which was unusually explicit for the time. Roeg's decision to inter-cut the sexual intercourse with shots of the couple dressing afterwards was reportedly due to the need to assuage the fears of the censors and there were rumours at the time of its release that the sex was unsimulated. The film was widely praised by critics and considered one of the most important and influential horror films ever made.

Similarly to Performance, Roeg cast musicians in leading roles for his next two films, The Man Who Fell to Earth and . The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976) stars as a humanoid alien who comes to to collect water for his planet, which is suffering from a drought. The film divided critics and was truncated upon its U.S. release. Despite this, it was entered into the Berlin International Film Festival where Roeg was nominated for the . It is today considered an important science fiction film and is one of Roeg's most celebrated films. Bad Timing was released in 1980 and stars as an American psychiatrist living in who develops a love affair with a fellow expatriate (played by , to whom Roeg was later married), which culminates in the latter being rushed to hospital due to an incident the nature of which is revealed over the course of the film. At first, it was disliked by critics, as well as by the Rank Organisation, its distributor, who allegedly described it as "a sick film made by sick people for sick people." Rank requested that their logo be taken off the finished film.

Bad Timing marked the beginning of a three-film partnership with . The second of these films Eureka (1983) is loosely based on the true story of Sir ; it received a largely limited release both theatrically and on home video. It was followed up with Insignificance, which imagines a meeting between , , Monroe's second husband and Senator . Insignificance was screened in competition at the 1985 Cannes Film Festival, with the film being selected to compete for the Palme d'Or.

In 1986, Roeg was approached by then Secretary of State for Health and Social Services Norman Fowler and the advertising agency to direct the British government's campaign .

Roeg's next two films, Castaway and Track 29, are considered minor entries in his oeuvre. Roeg was selected to direct an adaptation of 's children's novel The Witches by , who had procured the film rights to the book in 1983. This would prove to be his last major studio film and proved a great success with critics, although it was a box-office failure. Roeg made only three theatrical films following The Witches: Cold Heaven (1992), (1995) and Puffball (2007). Roeg also did a small amount of work for television, including Sweet Bird of Youth, an adaptation of the Tennessee Williams play, and Heart of Darkness and an episode of Young Indiana Jones.

Roeg did not make any more films after 2007, but published a memoir, The World Is Ever Changing, in 2013.


Style and influence
Roeg's films are known for having scenes and images from the plot presented in a disarranged fashion, out of chronological and causal order, requiring the viewer to do the work of mentally rearranging them to comprehend the story line. They seem to "shatter reality into a thousand pieces" and are "unpredictable, fascinating, cryptic, and liable to leave you wondering what the hell just happened..."Steve Rose. "'You don't know me.'", The Guardian, 12 July 2008; accessed 12 July 2014. This is also the strategy of 's 1968 film , which was Roeg's last film as a cinematographer only. A characteristic of Roeg's films is that they are edited in disjunctive and semi-coherent ways that make full sense only in the film's final moments, when a crucial piece of information surfaces; they are "mosaic-like montages filled elliptical details which become very important later."

These techniques, along with Roeg's foreboding sense of atmosphere, influenced later such filmmakers as Steven Soderbergh, ,Ariel Leve. "Interview with Tony Scott" , The Sunday Times Magazine. August 2005; accessed 12 July 2010. , François Ozon and .Adams, Tim "Danny Boyle: 'As soon as you think you can do whatever you want... then you're sunk The Guardian, 5 December 2010. In addition to this, Christopher Nolan has said his film Memento would have been "pretty unthinkable" without Roeg and cites the finale of Insignificance as an influence on his own . In addition to this, Steven Soderbergh's Out of Sight features a love scene that is visibly influenced by that in Don't Look Now.

A further theme that can be seen to be running through Roeg's filmography is characters who are out of their natural setting. Examples of this include the schoolchildren in the Outback in Walkabout, the men and women in Venice in Don't Look Now, the alien on Earth in The Man Who Fell to Earth, and the Americans in Vienna in Bad Timing.

Roeg's influence on cinema is not limited to deconstructing narrative. The "Memo from Turner" sequence in Performance predates many techniques later used in music videos. The "quadrant" sequence in Bad Timing, in which the thoughts of Theresa Russell and are heard before words are spoken set to 's piano music from The Köln Concert, stretched the boundaries of what could be done with film.


Legacy and honours
Roeg's cinematic work was showcased at the Riverside Studios from 12–14 September 2008. He introduced the retrospective with Miranda Richardson, who starred in Puffball. The programme included , Far from the Madding Crowd, The Man Who Fell to Earth, The Witches, Eureka, Don't Look Now and Insignificance. The London Film Academy organised this event for Roeg in honour of his patronage of the school.

In 1994, he was awarded a British Film Institute Fellowship. In the 1996 New Year Honours, Roeg was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.


Personal life and death
From 1957 to 1977, Roeg was married to English actress . They had four sons: Waldo, Nico, Sholto and (film producer) . Luc appeared as an actor, as Lucien John, in Walkabout, Roeg's first film as solo director. In 1982, Roeg married American actress and they had two sons: Maximillian (an actor) and Statten Roeg. They later divorced. Roeg was then married to Harriet Harper from 2005 until his death, from dementia, on 23 November 2018, at a nursing home in , London.

Actor Donald Sutherland (who named one of his sons after Roeg) described Roeg as a "fearless visionary". Filmmaker , the son of David Bowie, who starred in The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976), also paid tribute to Roeg, calling him a "great storyteller" and "inimitable".


Filmography
Roeg is credited on the following films:

Director

Film
1970PerformanceCo-directed with
1971WalkaboutAlso writer
1972Glastonbury FayreDocumentary; uncredited
1973Don't Look Now
1976The Man Who Fell to Earth
1980
1983Eureka
1985Insignificance
1986Castaway
1988Track 29
1989Sweet Bird of YouthTelevision film
1990The Witches
1991Cold Heaven
1993Heart of DarknessTelevision film
1995
1995Full Body MassageTelevision film
2007Puffball

Short film

1967Breakthrough
1987Un ballo in mascheraSegment of Aria (Also writer)
1995Hotel Paradise
2000The Sound of Claudia Schiffer
2014The Film That Buys the CinemaOne-minute segment


Episodic television
1993The Young Indiana Jones ChroniclesEpisode "Paris, October 1916"
1996Samson and DelilahMiniseries


Cinematographer
Film
1960With
1961Information ReceivedRobert Lynn
1962Dr. Crippen
Band of Thieves
1963Just for Fun
The Caretaker
1964The Masque of the Red Death
Nothing But the BestClive Donner
Code 7, Victim 5Robert Lynn
The System
1965Every Day's a HolidayJames Hill
1966Fahrenheit 451François Truffaut
A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum
1967Far from the Madding Crowd
1968Richard Lester
1970PerformanceHimself
1971WalkaboutHimself
1972Glastonbury FayrePeter NealDocumentary film

Television

1961The PursuersRobert LynnEpisode "The Frame" (Location shoot)
Ghost SquadEpisode "Death from a Distance"


Awards and nominations
BAFTA Awards
1964Nothing But the BestBest Cinematography (Colour)
1967Far from the Madding Crowd
1973Don't Look NowBest Direction

Cannes Film Festival

1971WalkaboutPalme d'Or
1987Aria
1985Insignificance
Technical Grand Prize

Hugo Award

1976The Man Who Fell to EarthBest Dramatic Presentation
1990The Witches

Director

1967Far from the Madding CrowdNominated – National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Cinematography (3rd place)
1976The Man Who Fell to EarthNominated –
1980London Film Critics' Circle Award for Director of the Year
Toronto International Film Festival People's Choice Award
1988Track 29Nominated – Deauville Critics Award
1990The WitchesNominated –
1995Nominated – Gold Chicago Hugo


Citations

Sources
  • Nicolas Roeg, Neil Feineman, Boston: Twayne, 1978
  • The Films of Nicolas Roeg: Myth and Mind, John Izod, Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1992
  • Fragile Geometry: The Films, Philosophy and Misadventures of Nicolas Roeg, Joseph Lanza, New York: Paj Publications, 1989
  • The Films of Nicolas Roeg, Neil Sinyard, London: Letts, 1991


External links

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